What is Artificial Kidney? How it works?

What is Artificial Kidney? How it works? - Edu Foundation

Kidneys are most vital organs for survival of the organsisms. Though the kidneys remain active throughout the life, its efficiency gradually declines with normal ageing process. For example, its activity declines to about 50% by the age of 70 in human beings. The other causes of decline in the normal functioning of kidneys are diseases such as kidney infection, injury or restricted blood flow to kidneys. These abnormalities result in kidney damage and malfunctioning. A general term for decline in the performance of kidney due to a disease is kidney failure. Though it is not common, it may result to death within a couple of weeks if not treated properly. Kidney failure is often due to build up of potassium ions which causes heart failure.

The failure of both kidneys immediately need medical intervention. There are two alternatives of kidney failure (i) A matching kidney from a healthy person may be transplanted, or (ii) An 'artificial kidney' machine may be employed in order to get rid of metabolic wastes from the blood and to maintain normal levels of water and mineral ions in body fluids. The artificial kidney functions on the same principle as the normal kidney and the procedure is called dialysis. The blood is pumped out of the body and made to flow into the dialysis machine. Heparin is added to the blood to prevent clotting. The blood circulates slowly through the long cellulose tubes coiled in a tank filled with dialysing solution. The cellulose membrane allows ions, very small molecules and water to diffuse through it. The blood corpuscles, platelets and protein molecules are too large and do not pass through the membrane. Finally the cleansed blood is pumped back into patient.

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Circulatory System of Human Beings - Edu Foundation

Circulatory System of Human Beings Circulatory System basically helps in the conversion of deoxygenated blood into oxygenated blood. When the deoxygenated blood enters into the right attrium through upper and lower Venacava, The right attrium contracts so that the blood moves into the right ventricle through the valve. When the right ventricle contracts, The deoxygenated blood moves into the lungs through pulmonary arteries. Lungs convert the deoxygenated blood into oxygen-rich blood. Then it returns to left attrium through pulmonary veins. When the left attrium contracts, The blood moves into the left ventricle. When the left ventricle contracts, The blood flows to every cells of the body through Aorta. In this way, Circulatory System takes place inside our body. If you have still any doubts, then feel free to comment us.

What is Ozone? How It is Depleted By Harmful Gases? - Edu Foundation

What is Ozone? How it is depleted by harmful gases? Ozone (O3) is a molecule formed by three atoms of oxygen. Normally, O2 is present in atmosphere which refers to as oxygen. It is essential for all aerobic forms of life. Ozone is a deadly poison. However, at the higher levels of the atmosphere, Ozone shields the surface of the earth from ultraviolet (UV) radiation of the sun. This radiation causes severe skin problems like skin cancer, cataract, etc. Ozone is the product which we get; when the UV rays splits the oxygen (O2) atoms into O and O atoms. These splited atoms mixes with (O2) atoms to form (O3) atoms. In this way, Ozone is formed. The decrease of ozone has been linked to synthetic chemicals like chloroflurocarbons (CFCs) which are used in refrigerants, fire extinguishers and Air conditioners. Chloroflurocarbons composed of three elements: 1. Chlorine 2. Flurine 3. Carbon 1 chlorine molecule breaks upto 1 lakh molecules of ozone.

Carbon Dating - Edu Foundation

What is Carbon Dating? Carbon dating is the determination of the age or date of organic matter from the relative proportions of the carbon isotopes carbon-12 and carbon-14 that it contains. The ratio between them changes as radioactive carbon-14 decays and is not replaced by exchange with the atmosphere. Carbon dating is a process which scientists use to detect fossils of about 60,000 years. Cosmic rays of the sun adds with nitrogen to form carbon isotope (c-14). It reacts with oxygen to form carbon dioxide which is taken by plants. And then eaten by human beings so that (c-14) enters into the body. (c-12) isotopes already present in our body. This isotope (c-14) lasted for about 60,000 years. But however, Carbon dating process can not be used to detect fossils of more than 60,000 years. So, Scientists use K-40, U-238 and thorium-232 to detect 1 billion years of fossils.

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